Its 175 km² make Oléron the second-largest island in Metropolitan France. Since 1966, a 3-km bridge has connected it to the continent, which has promoted tourism and exchange.

The island has always been turned towards commerce, and has profited from its riches such as salt, oysters, fishing, and the celebrated Pineau des Charentes.

The population of 19,000 inhabitants is divided into eight communes, with the primary agglomerations being Saint Pierre and Château d'Oléron.
The island has numerous historic sites and is very close to Aix Island and Fort Boyard.